{"id":18080,"date":"2023-12-21T10:51:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T05:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/?p=18080"},"modified":"2024-05-11T16:03:40","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T10:33:40","slug":"geography-upsc-optional-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/geography-upsc-optional-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"GEOGRAPHY UPSC SYLLABUS | GEOGRAPHY UPSC OPTIONAL SYLLABUS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Paper-1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Section A- Physical Geography (GEOGRAPHY UPSC OPTIONAL SYLLABUS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Geomorphology:<\/strong> :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on the mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climatology:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and frontogenesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s, and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and the response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology, and Urban climate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oceanography:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

 Bottom the topography of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of the sea and marine pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biogeography:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation, and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmental Geography:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management, and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Section B-Human Geography<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Perspectives in Human Geography:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioral, human, and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularization; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economic Geography: <\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: a typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects, and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Population and Settlement Geography:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

 Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of the over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regional Planning:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalization; Growth centers and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Models, Theories, and Laws in Human Geography:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Systems analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Rostov’s model of stages of growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PART 2<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Geography of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Physical Setting:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Resources:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

 Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; Forest and wildlife resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agriculture:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: landholdings, land tenure, and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aquaculture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones; agroecological regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Industry: <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Evolution of industries: Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage, and agro-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalization; New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco-tourism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Transport, Communication, and Trade: <\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Road, railway, waterway, airway, and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on the economy and society; Indian space program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Cultural Setting: <\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Historical Perspective of Indian Society: Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution, and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intraregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Settlements: <\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Types, patterns, and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Regional Development and Planning:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programs; Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for the backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of the island territories. GEOGRAPHY UPSC OPTIONAL SYLLABUS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Political Aspects:<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganization; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and the Indian Ocean realm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contemporary Issues:<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods, and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalization and the Indian economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOTE:<\/strong>\u00a0Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UPSC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

read more articles on blog <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GEOGRAPHY UPSC OPTIONAL SYLLABUS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paper-1 \u00a0Section A- Physical Geography (GEOGRAPHY UPSC OPTIONAL SYLLABUS) Geomorphology: : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6356,"featured_media":18081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114,53,68,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography","category-ias","category-ips","category-upsc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6356"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18080\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}