{"id":393,"date":"2025-06-21T11:14:46","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T05:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/?p=393"},"modified":"2025-06-21T11:14:51","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T05:44:51","slug":"indian-monsoon-factors-theories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/indian-monsoon-factors-theories\/","title":{"rendered":"Indian Monsoon Factors &#038; Theories"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Monsoon Factors &amp; Theories<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\">SUMMARY<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Seasonal Reversal of Wind<\/b> is the change in wind direction during winters leading to Retreating Monsoon going out of the Indian Peninsula towards the Indian Ocean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Seasonal Reversal of Wind = Advancing Monsoon + Retreating Monsoon (Winters).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Monsoon is derived from the Arabic word Mausim.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Monsoon affects the Indian subcontinent, where it is one of the oldest and most important pattern every year from June through September.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">The unique geographical features of the Indian subcontinent, along with associated atmospheric, oceanic and geophysical factors, influence the behaviour of the monsoon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Monsoons all over the world are experienced in the tropical area roughly between 20\u00b0 N &amp; 20\u00b0S.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_4092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\"><span class=\"s2\">PROCESS OF WIND FORMATION<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">Wind forms a complete cycle of blowing from one place to other, rising and subsiding as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">First, the sunlight heats up the land and causes a Low Pressure (L.P) over the land as compared to the High Pressure of the Sea (comparative H.P).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Always remember, W<b>inds blow from High Pressure to Low Pressure<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Due to this L.P, wind blows from the H.P at Sea to the L.P over land. This wind is generally known as Sea Breeze.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Sea Breeze picks up moisture from the Sea before reaching the land.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Once this wind reaches the land, it rises up due to the heat &amp; eventually leads to cloud formation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">These clouds pour rain over the land.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Now the wind completes it\u2019s cycle by subsiding over the sea where the entire process began.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">The opposite happens for Land Breeze when the Land cools down faster than Sea and hence a comparative L.P appears over the Sea forcing the winds to blow towards the Sea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/wind-process.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-394 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/wind-process.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/wind-process.jpg 800w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/wind-process-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/wind-process-768x420.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">ADVANCING vs. RETREATING MONSOONS<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Advancing Monsoon is the South-West Monsoon<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Retreating Monsoon is the North-East Monsoon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\"><b>ADVANCING MONSOON<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\"><b>RETREATING MONSOON<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">South-West Monsoon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">North-East Monsoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">June-September<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">October-November<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Moist Wind<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Dry Winds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Two Branches: Arabian Sea + Bay of Bengal<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Single Branch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Heavy Rainfall<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Low Rainfall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Wind: Sea Breeze | Sea to Land<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Wind: Land Breeze | Land to Sea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">REASONS FOR ONSET OF ADVANCING MONSOON<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Low Pressure over North India<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Shift of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) northwards to the Ganga Plains.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">The Himalayas acting as a barrier for the monsoon to stop it from reaching Tibet and also intensifying the Low Pressure in North India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Tropical Easterly Jetstreams above Tibetan Plateau helping the Monsoon maintain it\u2019s strength.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">High Pressure at Madagascar<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Southern Oscillations (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole also have a role in helping or disrupting the South-West Monsoon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Findlater Jetstream from the coast of Somalia towards Indian Peninsula strengthen the Monsoon winds.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">2 BRANCHES OF THE ADVANCING MONSOON<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">The South-West Monsoon on reaching the coast of the Indian Monsoon is divided into 2 branches:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Arabian Sea Branch<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Bay of Bengal Branch<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Arabian Sea Branch<\/b>: This branch hits the Western Ghats which acts as a barrier preventing the monsoon to reach the other side of the mountains. Thus, resulting in drought-like situations in various parts of Karnataka, Maharashtra &amp; Telangana. The Monsoon winds are shifted northwards and mostly enter the Indian Peninsula through the Kathiawar Peninsula in Gujarat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Bay of Bengal Branch<\/b>: The Bay of Bengal Branch is responsible in causing heavy rainfall in Sri Lanka, Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, North-East India, &amp; East India. These monsoon winds are deflected by the mountains in North-East India such as the Patkai Bum, Purvanchal etc and are forced to reach Central as well as North India. That is the reason why North India gets less rainfall as compared to North-East India as the intensity of the Monsoon weakens by that time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/monsoon-branches.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-395\" src=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/monsoon-branches.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/monsoon-branches.jpg 800w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/monsoon-branches-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/monsoon-branches-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s2\">REASONS FOR RETREATING MONSOON<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">High Pressure at North India<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Westerly JetStream start flowing South of the Himalayas in winters (In summers they flow north of the Himalayas towards Tibet)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Shifting back of ITCZ to it\u2019s original position<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">While retreating, the northeast monsoons cause catastrophic floods in Tamil Nadu (Chennai floods) as they pick moisture from the Bay of Bengal Coast of India.That is why Tamil Nadu mostly gets rainfall in winter. <a href=\"http:\/\/upsc.gov.in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"LinkSuggestion__Link-sc-1gewdgc-4 cLBplk\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/monsoon-definition-indian-geography-asian-climate-geography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monsoon of South Asia Climate and Indian Geography Most Important Topic<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"LinkSuggestion__Link-sc-1gewdgc-4 cLBplk\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/climate-of-india-geography-for-upsc-ias-most-important\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate of India Geography For UPSC IAS Most Important<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"LinkSuggestion__Link-sc-1gewdgc-4 cLBplk\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/climate-of-india-for-upsc-ias-2022-a-topic-of-indian-geography-g-k\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate of India For UPSC IAS 2022.A Topic of Indian Geography &amp; G.K<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"LinkSuggestion__Link-sc-1gewdgc-4 cLBplk\" href=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/pre-monsoon-season-indian-climate-upsc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pre Monsoon Season Indian Climate UPSC<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Monsoon Factors &amp; Theories \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SUMMARY Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation. Seasonal Reversal of Wind is the change&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6558,"featured_media":395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6558"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81146,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/81146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}