{"id":911,"date":"2023-09-17T11:21:59","date_gmt":"2023-09-17T05:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/?p=911"},"modified":"2023-09-18T10:49:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T05:19:58","slug":"india-geographical-extent-frontiers-upsc-ias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/india-geographical-extent-frontiers-upsc-ias\/","title":{"rendered":"India: Geographical Extent &#038; Frontiers For UPSC IAS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"426\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/India-latitudinal-longitudinal-extent-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-912\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/India-latitudinal-longitudinal-extent-.jpg 426w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/India-latitudinal-longitudinal-extent--416x312.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/India-latitudinal-longitudinal-extent--300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>East-West Extent of Main Land India (Including Pak occupied Kashmir-POK):<\/td><td><strong>68\u00b0 7\u2032 east to 97\u00b0 25\u2032 east longitude<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South-North Extent of Main Land India:<\/td><td><strong>8\u00b0 4\u2032 north to 37\u00b0 6\u2032 north latitude<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Locational Extent:<\/td><td><strong>8\u00b0 4\u2032 N to 37\u00b0 6\u2032 N latitude and 68\u00b0 7\u2032 E to 97\u00b0 25\u2032 East longitude.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-pakistan-and-china-occupied-territories.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-913\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-pakistan-and-china-occupied-territories.jpg 600w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-pakistan-and-china-occupied-territories-416x346.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-pakistan-and-china-occupied-territories-300x250.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"854\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Indira-col-NJ9842-siachen-glacier-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-914\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Indira-col-NJ9842-siachen-glacier-.jpg 854w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Indira-col-NJ9842-siachen-glacier--416x186.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Indira-col-NJ9842-siachen-glacier--300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Indira-col-NJ9842-siachen-glacier--768x344.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The southernmost point of the country is the <strong>Pygmalion Point<\/strong> or <strong>Indira Point<\/strong> is located at <strong>6\u00b0 45\u2032 N latitude<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>North-south extent from <strong>Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanniyakumari is 3,214 km.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>East-west width from the <strong>Rann of Kachachh to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With an area of <strong>32,87,263 sq km<\/strong>, India is the <strong>seventh largest<\/strong> country of the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India accounts for about <strong>2.4 per cent<\/strong> of the total surface area of the world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/10-largest-countries-in-world-by-area.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-915\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/10-largest-countries-in-world-by-area.jpg 808w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/10-largest-countries-in-world-by-area-416x247.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/10-largest-countries-in-world-by-area-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/10-largest-countries-in-world-by-area-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country dividing it into two latitudinal halves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The area to the north of Tropic of Cancer is nearly <strong>twice<\/strong> the area which lies to the south of it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>South of 22\u00b0 north latitude, the country tapers off over 800 km into the Indian Ocean as a peninsula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">East-West time difference is nearly 2 hrs.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\n earth moves [rotation and revolution] around its axis through 360\u00b0 in \n24 hours. Thus, a difference of 1\u00b0 longitude will make a difference of 4\n minutes in time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therefore the difference of local time between western-most point and eastern-most point is 30 x 4 = 120 minutes or 2 hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">India, Tropical or Temperate Country?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The temperate part (north of Tropic of Cancer) is twice the area of tropical part.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But India has always been treated as a tropical country for two different reasons \u2013 physical and cultural.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Physical Geographical Reasons<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The country is separated from the rest of Asia by Himalayas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its climate is dominated by the <strong>tropical monsoons<\/strong> and the temperate air masses are blocked by Himalayas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entire\n area south of the Himalayas is essentially tropical from climatic point\n of view: Although the night temperatures in Winter at several places in\n North India may come down to the level of those prevailing in temperate\n lands, yet <strong>clear skies<\/strong> and intense insolation raise the day temperatures to a tropical level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural Geographical Reasons<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Settlements, diseases, agricultural and primary economic activities are all tropical in nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>It is primarily because of Himalayas that India is a tropical country.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">India\u2019s Frontiers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Data from Ministry Of Home Affairs (Department Of Border Management)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has <strong>15106.7 Km<\/strong> of land border running through 92 districts in 17 States and a coastline of <strong>7516.6 Km [6100 km of mainland coastline + coastline of 1197 Indian islands]<\/strong> touching 13 States and Union Territories (UTs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barring <strong>Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Delhi, Haryana and Telangana,<\/strong>&nbsp;all other States in the country have one or more international borders or a coastline and can be regarded as <strong>frontline States<\/strong> from the point of view of border management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u2019s longest border is with <strong><em>BANGLADESH<\/em><\/strong> while the shortest border is with Afghanistan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The length of India\u2019s land borders with neighboring countries is as under:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/india-boundary-length-with-neighbours.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-916\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/india-boundary-length-with-neighbours.jpg 480w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/india-boundary-length-with-neighbours-416x146.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/india-boundary-length-with-neighbours-300x106.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Border with China<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This is the <strong>second longest<\/strong> border of India, next only to its border with Bangladesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Five\n Indian states, namely Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,\n Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh touch the Indian boundary with China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\n Sino-Indian border is generally divided into three sectors namely : (i)\n the Western sector, (ii) the Middle sector, and (iii) the Eastern \nsector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Western Sector<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Separates Jammu and Kashmir state of India from the Sinkiang (Xinjiang) province of China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The western sector boundary is largely the outcome of the British policy towards the state of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China claims the <strong>Aksai Chin district<\/strong>, the <strong>Changmo valley, Pangong Tso<\/strong> and the <strong>Sponggar Tso<\/strong> area of north-east Ladakh as well as a strip of about 5,000 sq km down the entire length of eastern Ladakh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China also claims a part of <strong>Huza-Gilgit area<\/strong> in North Kashmir <em>(ceded to it in 1963 by Pakistan).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Middle Sector<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Two Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand touch this border.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Eastern Sector<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The 1,140 km long boundary between India and China runs from the eastern limit of Bhutan to a point near Diphu pass (<strong><em>Talu Pass)<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;at the trijunction of India, Tibet and Myanmar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This line is usually referred to as the <strong>Mc Mahon Line<\/strong>\n after Sir Henry Mc Mahon, then foreign secretary of British India, who \nnegotiated the boundary agreement between Great Britain and Tibet at <strong>Shimla accord in 1913-14.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The India-Nepal Boundary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Five\n states of India, namely Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal \nand Sikkim touch the Nepalese border with India. The border is a <strong>porous<\/strong> one with unrestricted movement of goods and people between Indian and Nepal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major portion of Indo-Nepalese border runs in the east-west direction almost along the foothill of the <strong>Shiwalik Range.<\/strong> India Geographical Extent &amp; Frontiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The India-Bhutan Boundary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quite peaceful border and there is no boundary dispute between the two countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Indo-Pakistan Boundary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indo-Pakistan boundary is the result of partition of the country in 1947 under the <strong>Radcliffe award<\/strong> of which <strong>Sir Cyril Radcliffe<\/strong> was the chairman.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jammu and Kashmir, <strong>Sir Creek<\/strong> are the major disputed regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sir-Creek-india-pakistan-disputed-.jpg\" alt=\"India Geographical Extent &amp; Frontiers\" class=\"wp-image-917\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Sir-Creek-india-pakistan-disputed-.jpg 563w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Sir-Creek-india-pakistan-disputed--416x393.jpg 416w, https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Sir-Creek-india-pakistan-disputed--300x283.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The India-Bangladesh Border<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India\u2019s 4,096 km long border with Bangladesh is the longest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This boundary has been determined under the <strong>Radcliffe Award<\/strong> which divided the erstwhile province of Bengal into two parts. India Geographical Extent &amp; Frontiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">India-Myanmar Boundary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This boundary runs roughly along the watershed between the Brahmaputra and <strong>Ayeyarwady [Irrawaddy]. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\n passes through thickly forested regions, with Mizo Hills, Manipur and \nNagaland on the Indian side and Chin Hills, Naga Hills and Kachin state \non the Myanmar side.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">India-Sri Lanka Boundary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India and Sri Lanka are separated from each other by a narrow and shallow sea called <strong>Palk Strait.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dhanushkodi<\/strong> on the Tamil Nadu coast in India is only 32 km away from <strong>Talaimanar <\/strong>in Jaffna peninsula in Sri Lanka. These two points are joined by a group of islets forming <strong>Adam\u2019s Bridge.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/knowledgekart.in\">CLICK HERE TO READ MORE.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/upsc.gov.in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India Geographical Extent &amp; Frontiers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>East-West Extent of Main Land India (Including Pak occupied Kashmir-POK): 68\u00b0 7\u2032 east to 97\u00b0 25\u2032 east longitude South-North Extent of Main Land India: 8\u00b0 4\u2032 north to 37\u00b0 6\u2032&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6558,"featured_media":918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,53,68,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-g-k","category-ias","category-ips","category-upsc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6558"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knowledgekart.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}